Schau dir diese Methode an:
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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Eigentlich ist doch klar, was passieren soll: Es wird eine beliebige Zahl n übergeben, die dann um 1 erhöht wird. Doch nach Ausführung von
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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Erscheint auf der Konsole 42. a hat sich also nicht verändert.
Zweites Beispiel:
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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Diese Methode soll einen String mit sich selbst konkatenieren. Doch
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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liefert Peter, nicht PeterPeter.
Ein letztes Beispiel, bevor ich den Zauber auflöse:
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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Nach Ausführung von
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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erscheint Lustig auf der Konsole. Was geht hier vor sich?
Um die Frage zu beantworten, müssen wir verstehen was Java beim Aufruf von Methoden mit den übergebenen Parametern macht. Generell gibt es zwei Möglichkeiten, was passieren könnte:
- Der jeweilige Parameter wird beim Methodenaufruf kopiert (Call By Value)
- Es wird eine Referenz (also quasi ein Link) auf das tatsächliche Objekt übergeben (Call By Reference)
Die kurze Anwort:
In Java wird immer Call By Value verwendet!
Die lange Antwort:
Wenn ein Basistyp (also sowas wie int oder boolean) einer Methode übergeben wird, dann wird der Wert dieser Variable beim Aufruf kopiert. Es gibt also keine Möglichkeit für die Methode, die ursprüngliche Variable zu verändern. Aus diesem Grund macht die increment() Methode im ersten Beispiel augenscheinlich nichts, weil n lediglich eine Kopie von a ist.
Wenn ein Objekt (also z.B. ein String oder User etc.) übergeben wird, dann wird die Speicheradresse dieses Objekts beim Aufruf kopiert. Eine Objektvariable (Referenzvariable) enthält nämlich nichts anderes als die Adresse, an der das Objekt in deinem Arbeitsspeicher abgelegt ist*. In der Methode repeat() wird lediglich die lokale Referenzvariable s verändert, die aber nur eine Kopie der Adresse von name ist. Wenn s neu zugewiesen wird, wird diese Kopie der Adresse überschrieben mit einer neuen Speicheradresse des neuen Strings.
Im dritten Beispiel wird ebenfalls lediglich die Speicheradresse von peter in die lokale Variable u kopiert. Jedoch wird hier nicht die Variable u selbst verändert, sondern durch den Aufruf von u.setLastName() wird über die gegebene Speicheradresse auf das tatsächliche User Objekt peter zugegriffen.
Wofür brauche ich das jetzt?
Du solltest dir merken, dass bei Methodenaufrufen in Java alle Parameter nur lokale Kopien sind. Bei Basistypen ist das eine Kopie des Werts, bei Objekten eine Kopie der Speicheradresse. Wenn du die dahinter liegenden Variablen bzw. Objekte verändern möchtest, musst du den neuen Wert entweder mit return als Rückgabewert der Methode übertragen, oder das entsprechende Objekt über die Referenzvariable direkt modifizieren (Siehe drittes Beispiel).
Und was ist eigentlich dieses null?
Wie erwähnt enthalten Referenzvariablen lediglich Speicheradressen. Bei der Zuweisung einer Variable
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beispielsweise enthält name die Adresse im Arbeitsspeicher, an der die Zeichenkette "Hans" abgelegt ist.
Was enthält aber eine Referenzvariable, der kein Wert zugewiesen wurde?
הההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההההה
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Die Antwort lautet: null.
null ist eine Konstante die verwendet wird, um auszudrücken, dass eine Referenz auf kein existierendes Objekt zeigt. null ist der Standardwert für Objektvariablen. Wenn man versucht, auf ein Attribut / eine Methode von einer Referenz zuzugreifen, die null ist, wirft Java eine NullPointerException.
(*Technisch gesehen muss eine Referenzvariable nicht direkt eine Speicheradresse enthalten, sondern nur irgendeine Verbindung um auf das Objekt zugreifen zu können.)